【语法专项讲解】
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的不同点
1、形式不同
限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开,非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间要用逗号隔开,这是主要的区别标志。
This is one of the workers who will be praised next week.
This is the worker, who will be praised next week.
2、意义不同
限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切,如果去掉从句,剩余部分意义往往不完整,甚至失去意义。非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明,如果去掉从句意思仍然完整。如:
This is the place where he once worked ten years ago.
She is going to spend the winter holidays in Macao, where she has some relatives.
3、翻译不同
限制性定主从句先译从句,后译先行词,将从句放在先行词前。非限制性定语从句一般先译行行词,后译从句,形成两个分句。
I have a sister who works in a hospital.
我有一个在医院工作的姐姐。
I have a cousin, who works in a hospital.
我有一个表姐,她在医院工作。
4、先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词一般是单个的名词或者代词。非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是单个的名词或者代词,也可以是句子的一部分或者整个句子。
My neighbour sold his house which/that lay in downtown.
我邻居卖掉了位于市区的房子。
My neighbour sold his house, which surprised us.
我邻居卖掉了他的房子,这使我们大吃一惊。
5、引导词不同
能引导限制性定语从句的引导词一般都能引导非限制性定语从句,但是 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
The moon moves around the sun, which (不能用 that) we all know. |